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Glossary

packet, and TCP/IP.

IP address

A 32-bit address assigned to a host using TCP/IP. IP addresses are written in dotted decimal format, for

example, 192.22.33.1.

IPv4

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth revision in the development of the Internet Protocol (IP) and the

first version of the protocol to be widely deployed. Together with IPv6, it is at the core of standards-based

internetworking methods of the Internet.

IPv6

IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is a version of the Internet Protocol (IP) intended to succeed IPv4, which is the

protocol currently used to direct almost all Internet traffic.[1]

IPv6-IPv4 Translation

IPv6-IPv4 Translation is used when a portion of an internal network only supports IPv4 and/or a portion of

applications can accept only IPv4 connections. The advantage of this is that IPv6 to IPv4 translations are

provided for legacy IPv4 application services and provides additional time for completely migrating to IPv6

architecture.

ISO/IEC

International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission; international

standards organizations.

ISO/OSI model

International Organization for Standardization/Open Systems Interconnection model, a standard that consists of

seven layers that control how computers communicate with other computers over a network. Layer 1, Physical,

which sets the rules for physical connections via hardware, is the lowest layer. Layer 2, Data-link, uses Layer 1

and its own rules to control coding, addressing, and transmitting information. Layer 3, Network, uses the prior

two layers rules as well as its own rules to control transport routes, message handling, and message transfers.

Layer 4, Transport, uses its rules and those of the previous layers to control accuracy of message delivery and

service. Layer 5, Session, uses its rules and those of the previous layers to establish, maintain, and coordinate

communication. Layer 6, Presentation, uses its rules and those of the previous layers to control text formatting

and appearance as well as conversion of code. Layer 7, Application, uses its rules and those of the other layers to

control transmission of information from one application to another. Layer 7 is the highest layer. See Layer 4,

Layer 7, and transport layer.

See Layer 4.

L4 Load Balancing

Layer 4 load balancing is the most basic form of load balancing. It is only aware of IP information present in UDP

or TCP headers, that is IP addresses and TCP/UDP port numbers. You can load balance a great many applications

using this capability, which functions as follows: A packet arrives at Equalizer with a specific destination IP

address and port number. We look in the list of configured clusters to find one that matches. Attached to that

cluster areservers.The "best server" is chosen and the packet/request is then sent to that server using NAT.

L4 TCP and UDP

IP protocols. They are well described at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol and

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol respectively. TCP is a way in which computers connected

to a network can communicate reliably. TCP protects against data loss, corruption and reordering at the cost of

some performance. TCP is the underlying protocol for HTTP, email and many common Internet applications. UDP

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